Cook pasta of choice according to package directions and drain. Meanwhile, in a large skillet, saute anchovies, garlic, and red pepper flakes in olive oil over medium-low heat until garlic is slightly browned and anchovies start to break down into a paste, about 2 minutes.
Add in tomatoes and increase heat to medium-high. Cook down for about 10 minutes, then add in olives, capers, sugar, salt, and pepper. Continue to cook for about 5 more minutes, until sauce is thickened.
Serve with your favorite pasta.